Febrile Seizures in Children: Causes and First Aid Steps for Parents

Febrile seizures in children can be scary for parents. These seizures happen when a child has a fever, often during common illnesses. In the US and around the world, many parents worry about fever-related seizures in kids. However, most febrile seizures are not dangerous. Knowing what to do during a child’s seizure can help you stay calm and keep your child safe. This guide explains the causes, symptoms, and first aid for febrile seizures.

What Are Febrile Seizures in Children?

Febrile seizures are convulsions that happen in young children when they have a fever. Usually, these seizures affect children between 6 months and 5 years old. For example, a child may have a seizure during a sudden rise in body temperature. Febrile seizures are not the same as epilepsy. Most children who have them do not develop long-term problems. According to the CDC, about 2 to 5 percent of children in the US will have at least one febrile seizure.

Common Symptoms of Febrile Seizures

Often, febrile seizures start quickly and can look frightening. Still, most last only a few minutes. Parents may notice these signs:

Sudden shaking or jerking of arms and legs

Loss of consciousness or not responding

Eyes rolling back

Stiffening of the body

Brief trouble with breathing or drooling

After the seizure, your child may be sleepy or confused. This is normal and usually passes within an hour.

Causes and Risk Factors of Febrile Seizures

Febrile seizures are linked to a quick rise in body temperature. Most often, they happen during viral or bacterial infections, such as colds, ear infections, or the flu. Sometimes, childhood vaccines can cause a mild fever, which may trigger a seizure. However, vaccines are safe and important for health. Some children are more likely to have febrile seizures. For instance, risk factors include:

Family history of febrile seizures

Age between 6 months and 5 years

High fever (over 102°F or 39°C)

According to the World Health Organization, genetics can play a role. Yet, most children outgrow febrile seizures as they get older.

How Febrile Seizures Are Diagnosed

Doctors diagnose febrile seizures by asking about your child’s symptoms and medical history. Sometimes, they may do a physical exam or check for signs of infection. In most cases, no special tests are needed. However, if the seizure lasts longer than five minutes or your child is very young, doctors may order tests to rule out other causes. For example, a blood test or a brain scan may be used in rare cases. The CDC notes that most febrile seizures do not need long-term treatment.

First Aid Steps for Parents During a Febrile Seizure

When your child has a febrile seizure, it is important to stay calm. Here are first aid steps you can follow:

Gently lay your child on their side on a flat surface

Keep the area clear of hard or sharp objects

Do not put anything in your child’s mouth

Do not try to hold or stop their movements

Watch the seizure and note how long it lasts

After the seizure, stay with your child and comfort them

For example, if the seizure lasts less than five minutes and your child recovers, you can call your doctor for advice. If the seizure lasts longer, seek help right away.

When to Seek Medical Help

Sometimes, febrile seizures need quick medical care. You should call emergency services if:

The seizure lasts more than five minutes

Your child has trouble breathing or turns blue

Your child does not wake up after the seizure

This is your child’s first seizure

Your child is younger than 6 months old

Additionally, if you are unsure or worried, it is always best to contact your doctor. The CDC and WHO both recommend seeking help if you have concerns about your child’s health.

Tips for Prevention and Reducing Risks

While you cannot always prevent febrile seizures, you can lower some risks. Here are some tips:

Monitor your child’s temperature during illnesses

Give fever medicine as advised by your doctor

Keep your child hydrated with fluids

Make sure your child gets all recommended vaccines

Watch for signs of infection and seek care if needed

Even though febrile seizures in children can be frightening, most are brief and do not cause harm. With the right steps and support, parents can help keep their children safe during fever-related seizures.